(GC) The vaporised sample is carried by carrier gas through the column, and the separation is achieved by using the difference in the interaction of components with the stationary phase, and quantified by using detectors such as FID and ECD. It is suitabl ...

(IC) Ion exchange resin is used to separate ions in the sample, and the background conductance is reduced by a suppressor, and trace ions are quantified in combination with a conductivity detector. It is mainly used for the detection of inorganic anion/ca ...

Plasma at high temperature, Plasma (ICP-MS) is used to ionize the sample, combined with mass spectrometry for highly sensitive, simultaneous analysis of trace elements, with detection limits in the ng/L range, which can simultaneously analyse most element ...

(GC-MS) combines the efficient separation of GC with the precise characterisation of MS to generate characteristic fragment ions from an EI source and match NIST libraries for compound identification, suitable for trace analysis of volatile organic compou ...

(HPLC-MS) is HPLC for the separation of polar/macromolecular compounds, soft ionization by ESI/APCI ion source, combined with quadrupole or TOF mass spectrometry, suitable for the analysis of biological samples, polar contaminants, etc. It has the advanta ...

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